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AIM: To examine the histology of the tuatara pineal complex and to compare
findings with those of Dendy. Some reptiles have an anatomically
sophisticated pineal complex with a median pineal eye, a paraphysis and a
pineal sac. In comparison, the human pineal gland is simple and homogenous
and thought to be a phylogenetic relic. It is now considered a
neuroendocrine gland the function of which is still not fully understood.
Its simple anatomical structure is in contrast to its biochemical
complexity; its secretions (the most studied being melatonin) modifying
the function of the adeno- and neurohypophysis, thyroid and parathyroids,
adrenal cortex and medulla, endocrine pancreas and the gonads.
METHODS: Histological sections of the brain of a neonatal tuatara were
studied by light microscopy.
RESULTS: The histological findings of the pineal eye demonstrated a
cornea-like structure, rudimentary lens and simple retina. The adjacent
paraphysis was a large, multisaccular organ and the pineal sac a very
large saccular organ with a poorly differentiated retina.
CONCLUSION: The pineal eye of the tuatara has a remarkably eye-like
structure with photoreceptors that in other reptiles have been shown to
exhibit photoreceptive capabilities. The paraphysis appeared to have a
secretory function that is as yet undetermined, while the pineal sac had
the appearance of a poorly differentiated retina. Thus it appears that the
complex biochemistry of the human pineal gland is reflected in the complex
anatomical structure of this primitive reptile.
1. Know what you can control and what you cannot.
2. Make full use of what happens to you.
3. Seeking to please is a perilous trap.
4. Approach life as a banquet.
5. Avoid adopting other peoples' negative views.
6. Never suppress a generous impulse.
7. Character matters more than reputation.
8. Self-mastery depends on self-honesty.
9. THE VIRTUOUS ARE CONSISTENT.
10. Be suspicious of convention.
11. Wisdom is revealed through action not talk.
12. No shame, no blame.
13. Pursue the good ardently.
14. Treasure your mind, cherish your reason, hold to your purpose.
15. Disregard what doesn't concern you.
knowledge is food.
food either rots
or turns to shit.
you must eat it
to move forward
to build on it
to obtain more knowledge
until you see you
are food too.
I loved being with her
so much that i enjoyed,
but couldnt stop,
shooting her.
she liked the shots
and watching me watch
knowing she
watching me
until one day i
finally wasnt aware
that i wasnt
even there
now shes gone
and i watch repeatedly
the moment she walked
away from me.
shed like this shot best
but unlike the rest
she cant see my lover
ha ha ha she
cant even see over the she